Ruby and Sapphire Disclosure Comments (Update 2024)

- No indications of heating.
   No heat enhancement has been detected in this gem.

- Indications of heating.
   Enhanced by heat with no residues detected.


Indications of heating with residues detected may be classified as code H1, H2, H3 or H4, depending on the amount of residues detected (Also known as “Pao kao” in the trade).

**Residues include borax and glass-like material without lead glass

- Indications of heating (H1).
   Enhanced by heat and indication of very small amount of residues are present in fissures and/or cavities. (Insignificant)

 
- Indications of heating (H2).   
   Enhanced by heat and indication of small amount of residues are present in fissures and/or cavities. (Minor)


- Indications of heating (H3).
   Enhanced by heat and indication of moderate amount of residues are present in fissures and/or cavities. (Moderate)


- Indications of heating (H4).
   Enhanced by heat and indication of significant amount of residues are present in fissures and/or cavities. (Significant)


- Indications of heating (PHT)
   Enhanced by pressure and high temperature heat treatment.

 
- Indications of heating with light elements.     
   Enhanced by heat with light elements (such as beryllium).

 
- Indications of heating (lead glass filling).     
   Enhanced by heat. Fissures are filled with lead glass filler. (Also known as “Pao Mai” in the trade)

 
- Indications of heating (cobalt + lead glass filling).     
   Enhanced by heat. Fissures are filled with cobalt-colored lead glass filler. (Also known as “Pao Mai” in the trade)

 
- Indications of surface diffusion treatment.     
   Enhanced by heat and the diffusion of chemical elements from an external source (such as titanium).  The color is concentrated in a thin layer at the surface.

Emerald Disclosure Comments (Update 2024)

General Comment (No FTIR tested)

- Natural emeralds are commonly clarity enhanced.


Clarity Enhancement (oil/resin) Comments (FTIR tested)

Clarity Enhancement by oil

1.     CE (Insignificant : oil)
        Insignificant indications of clarity enhancement by oil.

2.     CE (Minor : oil)
        Indications of minor clarity enhancement by oil.
      
3.     CE (Moderate : oil)
        Indications of moderate clarity enhancement by oil.
     
4.     CE (Significant : oil)
        Indications of significant clarity enhancement by oil.
      
Clarity Enhancement by resin

1.     CE (Insignificant : resin)
        Insignificant indications of clarity enhancement by resin.

2.     CE (Minor : resin)
        Indications of minor clarity enhancement by resin.

3.     CE (Moderate : resin)
        Indications of moderate clarity enhancement by resin.
 
4.     CE (Significant : resin)
        Indications of significant clarity enhancement by resin.